New snail-inspired robot can climb vertical surfaces

• The sliding suction allows a lightweight robot to slide vertically and upside down, achieving high speeds and does not require energy during static adhesion.
• The robot also demonstrated high loaded sliding ability carrying 1kg mass, ten times heavier than itself. 

Researchers at the University of Bristol have designed a robot to mimic the motion of a snail that can scale walls easily, potentially changing how difficult-to-access surfaces such as blades of wind turbines, hulls of ships, aircrafts and glass windows of skyscrapers are autonomously inspected.

These features also endow sliding suction with great potential for future applications in robotic fields, including industrial gripping, climbing, outdoor and transportation. 

Adding to the increasing innovative new ways robots can navigate, the team, based at the Bristol Robotics Laboratory, fitted the robot with a sliding suction mechanism enabling the device to slide on water, a substitute of a snail’s mucus which also acts as an adhesive.   

Snails can stably slide across a surface with only a single high-payload sucker, offering an efficient adhesive locomotion mechanism for next-generation climbing robots. The critical factor for snails’ sliding suction behaviour is mucus secretion, which reduces friction and enhances suction.

Sliding suction robot

 “People know that snails have a stable adhesive sliding behaviour, even though they are carrying a heavy payload, in this case a shell.  Inspired by this, we presented a ‘sliding suction’ mechanism and developed a sliding suction robot, which achieved comparable sliding ability as snails,” Tianqi Yue, Lead author, said.

As mucus plays an important role in the sliding suction mechanism, the team used water as cheap, easy-to-access and clean artificial mucus to help the robot slide while the suction remained.

They optimised the materials of the suction cup, designed the mechatronic system of the robot, and were able to demonstrate practical applications of the robot, such as carrying a 200gm mass and avoiding obstacles. The robot also demonstrated high loaded sliding ability carrying 1kg mass, ten times heavier than itself. 

The sliding suction allows a lightweight robot to slide vertically and upside down, achieving high speeds and does not require energy during static adhesion.  

 “Through the performance of sliding suction robot, we demonstrated that sliding suction offers low energy consumption, high adhesion efficiency and safety, high loading capacity and low complexity, while only leaving a quick-to-evaporate water trail,” Yue said. 

Moreover, he said that the proposed sliding suction mechanism is a novel clean climbing strategy and will significantly advance the development of the next-generation climbing robots.